{"id":774,"date":"2013-07-10T06:57:34","date_gmt":"2013-07-10T06:57:34","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/bigheadamusements.com\/wordpress\/?p=774"},"modified":"2016-09-15T02:48:08","modified_gmt":"2016-09-15T02:48:08","slug":"getting-in-sync-with-the-sony-avc-3250-part-i","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bigheadamusements.com\/wordpress\/?p=774","title":{"rendered":"Getting in Sync with the Sony AVC-3250: Part I"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>In late July, Andrew Bujalski&#8217;s \u00a0<strong>Computer Chess<\/strong>\u00a0will be released in Toronto, and by all accounts (if not from the trailer alone) this isn&#8217;t an ordinary film production. Instead of using HD cameras that offer the maximum image quality to convey a 1970s drama, Bujalski opted to use actual vintage video gear from the era &#8211; a Sony AVC-3260 &#8211; part of a line of B&amp;W vidicon tube cameras that offered low-end, broadcast quality images for school, university, cable access, and industrial productions.<\/p>\n<p>With digital software offering so many options to evoke a period look, film grain, and custom colours, why would anyone use 40 year old video cameras?<\/p>\n<p>Aesthetics, authenticity, novelty, and perhaps the challenge in seeing what could be achieved when antiquated media &#8211; B&amp;W video &#8211; acquires the images, and the footage recorded on modern digital gear, after which it&#8217;s imported into a current workflow system to create not a short experimental film, but a feature-length movie.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/vnoHSnJsy6Q\" width=\"420\" height=\"315\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>From the\u00a0<strong>Computer Chess\u00a0<\/strong>trailer above, you can see samples of the final results, as captured by the vintage Sony cameras.<\/p>\n<p>The AVC small studio camera series were genuine workhorses, built of metal, and weighing more than a few pounds, and they were popular (roughly) between 1970-1978, and included the model AVC-<a href=\"http:\/\/www.labguysworld.com\/Sony_AVC-3000.htm\" target=\"_blank\">3000<\/a> and <a href=\"http:\/\/www.labguysworld.com\/Sony_AVC-3200.htm\" target=\"_blank\">3200<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.labguysworld.com\/Sony_AVC-3250.htm\" target=\"_blank\">3250<\/a> and 3260, and the <a href=\"http:\/\/www.labguysworld.com\/Sony_AVC-4200.htm\" target=\"_blank\">4200<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_793\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-793\" style=\"width: 556px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/bigheadamusements.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/07\/AVC-3250_06.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-793 \" src=\"http:\/\/bigheadamusements.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/07\/AVC-3250_06.jpg\" alt=\"AVC-3250_06\" width=\"556\" height=\"422\" srcset=\"https:\/\/bigheadamusements.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/07\/AVC-3250_06-73x55.jpg 73w, https:\/\/bigheadamusements.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/07\/AVC-3250_06-160x120.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 556px) 100vw, 556px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-793\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">A Sony AVC-3250 (with its top-level B&amp;W monitor), resting on one of the standard brown suitcases that housed the camera and accessories. Fancy-schmancy package, eh?<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>The 3260, which is virtually identical to the 3250 model, comes with an internal sync pulse generator [SPG] that offers 2:1 sync &#8211; 60 cycle horizontal and vertical sync &#8211; which enables you to plug the camera straight into a recording device and record a stable picture. \u00a0This model also accepts external sync from another source &#8211; a special effects switcher like the Sony SEG-1 and SEG-1A, or an optional external SPG like a <a href=\"http:\/\/70scountdown.50megs.com\/cgi-bin\/i\/Vcat%20Sony%20Video%20Equipment%20P15.jpg\" target=\"_blank\">monochrome sync generator<\/a> &#8211; which allow you to genlock [synchronize] multiple cameras for live, glitch-free switching.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_792\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-792\" style=\"width: 556px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/bigheadamusements.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/07\/AVC-3250_02.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-792 \" src=\"http:\/\/bigheadamusements.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/07\/AVC-3250_02.jpg\" alt=\"AVC-3250_02\" width=\"556\" height=\"576\" srcset=\"https:\/\/bigheadamusements.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/07\/AVC-3250_02.jpg 1545w, https:\/\/bigheadamusements.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/07\/AVC-3250_02-290x300.jpg 290w, https:\/\/bigheadamusements.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/07\/AVC-3250_02-989x1024.jpg 989w, https:\/\/bigheadamusements.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/07\/AVC-3250_02-768x795.jpg 768w, https:\/\/bigheadamusements.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/07\/AVC-3250_02-53x55.jpg 53w, https:\/\/bigheadamusements.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/07\/AVC-3250_02-1483x1536.jpg 1483w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 556px) 100vw, 556px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-792\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">A Sony AVC-3250. The large B&amp;W monitor is locked on top, and has its own separate adjustments knobs.<br \/>As for the plugs below, going left to right: a light level (gain control) for the camera, power cable that you connect straight to a standard AC outlet, ON \/ OFF power switch, 6-pin video \/ sync output that becomes an input when the adjacent SYNC switch is set to EXT, and a Video Out plug that requires an obsolete RF connector (which are still obtainable).<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Camera models like the 3250 &#8211; which I have \u00a0&#8211; and earlier models similarly accept external sync, but their internally driven horizontal and vertical sync pulses are non-standard &#8211; a kind of free-roaming sync that&#8217;s compatible with nothing. (Sony called this feature a &#8220;random interlace, vertical line-locked&#8221; 60Hz sync oscillation.)<\/p>\n<p>What that means is, while you can plug the camera into a TV monitor and see a stable picture, a contemporary recording device \u00a0&#8211; VCR, DVD recorder, digital recorder &#8211; will record a jittering image that either snaps up &amp; down, or has a periodic roll. The only way around this is to feed the camera a full 2:1 sync pulse from a custom-built unit, a\u00a0vintage external SPG, or one of the aforementioned Sony special effects generators (SEG&#8217;s) which are mixers \/ switchers that can accept external sync, or more importantly, send an internally generated 2:1 signal to cameras, like the 3250.<\/p>\n<p>The immediate question is: <em>Why would they do this?<\/em> Why design a camera that isn&#8217;t &#8216;ready to go,&#8217; in terms of recording a stable image to tape like contemporary cameras?<\/p>\n<p>It might have been a question of cost &#8211; without the component (which added an extra $100 to the tab), maybe the cameras were a little lighter &#8211; or it was the manufacturer&#8217;s way of offering bare bones components that could still be upgraded to pro-level when necessary, but costing more instead of buying a full-blown system with a high cost up-front.<\/p>\n<p>It may also have been a case of necessity: if you&#8217;re just sending a live feed to a monitor for local broadcast with no intention of recording any signal for posterity, the 2:1 feature was an extra frill.<\/p>\n<p>If you did need to tape a signal, once the recording heads were engaged, Sony&#8217;s AV-3600 B&amp;W reel-to-reel monster would send a compatible sync pulse to the camera, thereby syncing the &#8216;camera head&#8217; to the &#8216;VCR head&#8217; to record a stable picture that could be edited and later broadcast on TV.<\/p>\n<p>(Presumably, only the recording contains a proper sync pulse that would allow you to then transfer the footage to digital media. Years ago my friend Raj gave me a working AV-3600 &#8211; a prized dino-machine that&#8217;s still in my archive, The Hasonian &#8211; which I connected to the 3250 camera. I engaged the record heads and tried to see if the video signal coming <em>out<\/em> of the recorder had a 2:1 sync pulse; basically, a stable video signal to a DVD recorder.<\/p>\n<p><em>It did not<\/em>, which means unless you want to attempt to record onto obsolete reel-to-reel tape \u00a0&#8211; good luck finding empty take-up reels &#8211; using a 40+ year old VCR whose gears, motors, and capacitors may die from sudden steady use, <em>this is not a viable option<\/em>.)<\/p>\n<p>The ideal seemed to be either to use an external SPG, or in multi-camera set-ups, genlock cameras either to the SEG&#8217;s internally generated 2:1 sync pulse, or (presumably) use a 3260 camera as the main sync source and the SEG mixer as a kind of distribution amp, genlocking connected 3250 models to ensure smooth edits and transitions.\u00a0(The SEG&#8217;s allowed for up to 4 interconnected cameras.)<\/p>\n<p>It&#8217;s all moot at this stage, since most filmmakers only need one camera (and maybe a backup unit) for their purposes.<\/p>\n<p>Sony originally sold their AVC line, they came in packages that seem rather luxurious today, and here&#8217;s an example of what may have come in one of those snazzy brown suitcases: camera, lens(es), microphone, mic stand, phono audio cable, video cable, and a tripod that was pretty sturdy and lightweight.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/bigheadamusements.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/07\/02.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-795\" src=\"http:\/\/bigheadamusements.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/07\/02.jpg\" alt=\"02\" width=\"500\" height=\"375\" srcset=\"https:\/\/bigheadamusements.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/07\/02.jpg 500w, https:\/\/bigheadamusements.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/07\/02-73x55.jpg 73w, https:\/\/bigheadamusements.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/07\/02-160x120.jpg 160w, https:\/\/bigheadamusements.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/07\/02-300x225.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/bigheadamusements.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/07\/AVC-3250_11.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/bigheadamusements.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/07\/AVC-3250_11.jpg\" alt=\"AVC-3250_11\" width=\"500\" height=\"372\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Sony also offered extra audio and video extension cables, external 2:1 SPGs units, signal splitters, push-button switcher boxes, monitors, and other accoutrements.\u00a0It&#8217;s not unusual to find extra cables in these suitcases that pop up on ebay. Some may even have those obsolete 6-pin video \/ sync cables necessary for sending a 2:1 sync pulse to the cameras.<\/p>\n<p>Even with its internal 2:1 sync pulse, the 3260 model isn&#8217;t an easy plug &amp; play camera. As\u00a0<strong>Computer Chess<\/strong>&#8216; cinematographer Matthias Grunsky explained in\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.matthias-grunsky.com\/blog\/files\/e466522305f27ceccfa064eac8c26e97-9.html\" target=\"_blank\">his blog<\/a>, &#8220;Our pre-tests showed that the camera\u2019s signal would not run stable enough by itself and we had to run it through a time base corrector before sending it to an analog to digital SDI converter and finally to our AJA Ki Pro Mini which recorded in the Apple ProRes format.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>So even if you plan on sending the signal to a blah DVD recorder, the image &#8211; from a 3260, or a 3250 connected to a SPG &#8211; isn&#8217;t perfect, and in the next blog I&#8217;ll provide details on how to set up an AVC-3250 camera to a SEG-1A mixer, and illustrate the differences between a &#8216;rogue&#8217; signal, a 2:1 synchronized signal, and one that&#8217;s been cleaned up with a Tim Base Corrector \/ Synchronizer prior to being recorded to MiniDV.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_721\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-721\" style=\"width: 540px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/bigheadamusements.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/06\/IMG_1326_b.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-721 \" src=\"http:\/\/bigheadamusements.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/06\/IMG_1326_b.jpg\" alt=\"IMG_1326_b\" width=\"540\" height=\"303\" srcset=\"https:\/\/bigheadamusements.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/06\/IMG_1326_b.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/bigheadamusements.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/06\/IMG_1326_b-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/bigheadamusements.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/06\/IMG_1326_b-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/bigheadamusements.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/06\/IMG_1326_b-98x55.jpg 98w, https:\/\/bigheadamusements.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/06\/IMG_1326_b-560x315.jpg 560w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 540px) 100vw, 540px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-721\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">A JVC SX-2500 B&amp;W vidicon video camera. Probably one of the most striking camera designs of the 70s.<br \/>I like to call it the HAL 2500.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Moreover, I&#8217;ll show that you can even connect the camera from another manufacturer that accepts external sync from a 6-pin plug, and achieve similar results &#8211; a usable, stable B&amp;W signal. The camera in the demo video will be the JVC SX-2500 vidicon B&amp;W small studio camera, tethered to a Sony SEG-1A.<\/p>\n<p>Cheers,<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Mark R. Hasan<\/strong>, Editor<br \/>\n<strong>Big Head Amusements<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In late July, Andrew Bujalski&#8217;s \u00a0Computer Chess\u00a0will be released in Toronto, and by all accounts (if not from the trailer alone) this isn&#8217;t an ordinary film production. Instead of using HD cameras that offer the maximum image quality to convey a 1970s drama, Bujalski opted to use actual vintage video gear from the era &#8211; a Sony AVC-3260 &#8211; part of a line of B&amp;W vidicon tube cameras that offered low-end, broadcast quality images for school, university, cable access, and [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":799,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[317,3],"tags":[155,154,156,152,153,142,141,105,99],"class_list":["post-774","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cameras","category-films-videos","tag-andrew-bujalski","tag-computer-chess","tag-jvc-sx-2500","tag-sony-avc-3250","tag-sony-avc-3260","tag-sony-seg-1-mixer","tag-sony-seg-1a-mixer","tag-video-tube-camera","tag-vidicon"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/bigheadamusements.com\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/774","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/bigheadamusements.com\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/bigheadamusements.com\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bigheadamusements.com\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bigheadamusements.com\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=774"}],"version-history":[{"count":29,"href":"https:\/\/bigheadamusements.com\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/774\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2075,"href":"https:\/\/bigheadamusements.com\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/774\/revisions\/2075"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bigheadamusements.com\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/799"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/bigheadamusements.com\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=774"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bigheadamusements.com\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=774"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bigheadamusements.com\/wordpress\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=774"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}